Programming Flash Devices
General Flash Programming Information
Programming Basics
When choosing a programming solution, there are a number of options available. This section provides a
brief overview of those options. The next sections provide more detail on those options as they apply to
Microsemi FPGAs.
Reprogrammable or One-Time-Programmable (OTP)
Depending on the technology chosen, devices may be reprogrammable or one-time-programmable. As
the name implies, a reprogrammable device can be programmed many times. Generally, the contents of
such a device will be completely overwritten when it is reprogrammed. All Microsemi flash devices are
reprogrammable.
An OTP device is programmable one time only. Once programmed, no more changes can be made to
the contents. Microsemi flash devices provide the option of disabling the reprogrammability for security
purposes. This combines the convenience of reprogrammability during design verification with the
security of an OTP technology for highly sensitive designs.
Device Programmer or In-System Programming
There are two fundamental ways to program an FPGA: using a device programmer or, if the technology
permits, using in-system programming. A device programmer is a piece of equipment in a lab or on the
production floor that is used for programming FPGA devices. The devices are placed into a socket
mounted in a programming adapter module, and the appropriate electrical interface is applied. The
programmed device can then be placed on the board. A typical programmer, used during development,
programs a single device at a time and is referred to as a single-site engineering programmer.
With ISP, the device is already mounted onto the system printed circuit board when programming occurs.
Typically, ISD programming is performed via a JTAG interface on the FPGA. The JTAG pins can be
controlled either by an on-board resource, such as a microprocessor, or by an off-board programmer
through a header connection. Once mounted, it can be programmed repeatedly and erased. If the
application requires it, the system can be designed to reprogram itself using a microprocessor, without
the use of any external programmer.
If multiple devices need to be programmed with the same program, various multi-site programming
hardware is available in order to program many devices in parallel. Microsemi In House Programming is
also available for this purpose.
Programming Features for Microsemi Devices
Flash Devices
The flash devices supplied by Microsemi are reprogrammable by either a generic device programmer or
ISP. Microsemi supports ISP using JTAG, which is supported by the FlashPro4 and FlashPro3, FlashPro
Lite, Silicon Sculptor 3, and Silicon Sculptor II programmers.
Levels of ISP support vary depending on the device chosen:
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All SmartFusion, Fusion, IGLOO, and ProASIC3 devices support ISP.
IGLOO, IGLOOe, IGLOO nano V5, and IGLOO PLUS devices can be programmed in-system
when the device is using a 1.5 V supply voltage to the FPGA core.
IGLOO nano V2 devices can be programmed at 1.2 V core voltage (when using FlashPro4 only)
or 1.5 V. IGLOO nano V5 devices are programmed with a VCC core voltage of 1.5 V.
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